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Topic: Government Funding for Stem Cell Research


 * Thesis Statement**: Stem cell research is used for Cancer treatments, to create new organisms, and to make unhealthy cells, healthy again. The United States government should fund Stem Cell Research because it provides another treatment for cancer, improves biomedical applications, and test new pharmaceutical drugs.


 * Notes**:

(SG) 1. "Stem Cell Organizations". Stem Cell Research. May 24, 2010 [|http://www.stemcellresources.org/who_orgs.html] 2. "Stem Cell Information". National Institutes of Health Resources. May 24, 2010 [|http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/defaultpage.asp]> 3. Kinsley, Michael. "The False Controversy of Stem Cells". __Time Magazine__ May 23, 2004: 1-1. 4. "Stem Cell Research". News Batch. May 25, 2010 [|http://www.newsbatch.com/stemcells.htm]. 5. Fry-Revere, Sigrid. "Funding Embryonic Stem Cell Research". __Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News__ March 15, 2007: 1-1.


 * 1) List of organizations that use and research: Americans for Cures Foundation, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Cancer Society, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine: Independent Citizens Oversight Committee ("ICOC"), Canadian Stem Cell Network, Children’s Hospital Boston - Stem Cell Program, Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research, The Genetics Policy Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), The Illinois Regenerative Medicine Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and The Netter Center for Community Partnerships – University of Pennsylvania, International Society for Stem Cell Research, Macmillan Cancer Support, The Missouri Coalition for Lifesaving Cures, New Jersey Citizens Coalition for Cures, New Yorkers for the Advancement of Medical Research, NIH: Stem Cell Task Force, Sabrina Cohen Foundation for Stem Cell Research
 * 2) Americas for cures foundations: this nonpartisan organization continues to advocate for the advancement of stem cell research and cures
 * 3) American Cancer Society: a nationwide, voluntary health organization that provides information about making treatment decisions on bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplants. Their overview includes an introduction to stem cells, reasons, basics and sources for stem cell transplants
 * 4) California Institute for Regenerative Medicine: Independent Citizens Oversight Committee ("ICOC"): This state agency makes grants and provides loans for stem cell research, research facilities and other vital research opportunities.
 * 5) Canadian Stem Cell Network: The Stem Cell Network supports cutting-edge projects that translate research discoveries into new and better treatments for patients in Canada and around the world by funding and aligning universities, industry, government and non-governmental organizations.
 * 6) Children’s Hospital Boston - Stem Cell Program: Children's has established a stem cell program to explore, understand and translate the promise of stem cells into clinical therapies and treatments. The program brings together premier scientists, investigators and physicians.
 * 7) The Genetics Policy Institute: a nonprofit organization dedicated to establishing a positive legal framework to advance stem cell research. GPI maintains science and legal advisory boards comprised of leading stem cell researchers, disease experts, ethicists, legal experts and a full-time staff of policy experts available to educate the public and media on stem cell issues
 * 8) The Illinois Regenerative Medicine Institute: provides state support for stem cell research
 * 9) International Society for Stem Cell Research: contains multiple links to Stem Cell Science pages. Literature, FAQ, Stem Cell Resources, Calendar of Events, Sites of Interest, Stem Cell Courses, Stem Cell Lines, Resources on Ethical Issues, AMA/ASRM Statement on Therapeutic Cloning
 * 10) On March 9, 2009, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order entitled Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research Involving Human Stem Cells. This changes the way National Institutes of Health (NIH) can support and conduct human stem cell research. It also revokes previous executive orders and instructions issued by President George W. Bush that prohibited federal funding for such research
 * 11) Some people feel that this type of research "begin by arguing, rightly, that biomedical ethics is not only about ends but also about means; even research that achieves great good is unjustified if it comes at the price of violating fundamental human rights"
 * 12) A common argument is if the destruction of human embryos in stem-cell research amounts to the killing of human beings
 * 13) Excess embryos are typically frozen indefinitely or discarded only a small number are donated for stem-cell research. "But if it is immoral to sacrifice embryos for the sake of curing or treating devastating diseases, it is also immoral to sacrifice them for the sake of treating infertility"
 * 14) Some people feel that this funding is a waste of time and money because it is not presenting any benifits
 * 15) "To date, only five states have promised to allocate funds to embryonic stem cell research. In 2004, New Jersey passed a state budget that included $5.5 million for stem cell research, and Californians approved a $3 billion bond measure to fund research over 10 years. In 2005, Connecticut set aside $100 million, Illinois $10 million, and, in 2006, Maryland authorized $15 million. "
 * 16) People feel that this is a non-needed funding research "Government funding isn’t advantageous when funds that could be spent on research are spent on lobbying, political upheaval over the issue of funding leads to restrictions on all research, money is thrown at extremely high-risk but low-yield projects, and efforts are wasted on obtaining close to worthless knowledge."
 * 17) Embryonic stem cells carried the greatest potential to treat wide-ranging degenerative diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, spinal chord injuries, and Alzheimer's, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, cancer, and burns
 * 18) Another concern is the cost for such a low producing research, it will cost researchers at least $5,000 per cell line.
 * 19) Something to consider is fertility clinics destroy way more human embryos than stem-cell research does or would
 * 20) "Political pressure to expand the level of government-funded stem cell research has increased amid ongoing reports of the potential medical efficacy of such treatments"
 * 21) the most popular ethical problem dealing with this type of science is the arguement of wether and embryo resembles killing a child or person and if they should have to waste so many just for few results
 * 22) although government funding is now allowed for some research, thanks to president obama, it was still stated that this type of research may never be used for cloning
 * 23) because stem cells are obtained from destroyed embryos, the concerns are similar to those surrounding abortion, most opponents of legal abortions also oppose this research
 * 24) the possibility that cell lines could be developed from cloned embryos raises ethical concerns associated with propriety of human cloning
 * 25) even if stem cell research is not widely funded by the government there are many organizations that provately fund this research
 * 26) because of the limitations, there is minimal funding for embryonic stem cell research although there is significant funding of other types of research involving stem cells
 * 27) a political veiw: Democrats generally tend to support funding of this new technology for medical research purpose. The Republican party is divided on this issue as it is on the abortion issue
 * 28) Bush banned all the use of federal funds for research but not private and state research funding
 * 29) some regard the destruction of the blastocyst, which is a laboratory-fertilized human egg, to be the murder of human life.
 * 30) it is believed by some that life begins at conception, and that destruction of this pre-born life is morally unacceptable
 * 31) They believe that it is immoral to destroy a few-days-old human embryo, even to save or reduce suffering in existing human life.
 * 32) If it is a person, then extracting stem cells constitutes first degree murder or If it is not a person, then removing stem cells is morally acceptable.
 * 33) this type of research is very important becasue scientists believe that it has virtually unlimited application in the treatment and cure of many human diseases and disorders
 * 34) "An embryo is actually a human; it should be valued as highly as a human life. The reasoning can be summed up by the fact that, once an egg is fertilized, unless inhibited, it will develop into a fully-developed adult. This opinion is often related to religious doctrines which assert that conception marks the beginning of human life or the presence of a soul."
 * 35) "Based upon this reasoning, the subsequent argument against embryonic stem cell research is that human life is inherently valuable and should not be voluntarily destroyed. It has been argued that "the line at which an embryo becomes a human life remains as arbitrary as ever".
 * 36) "Embryonic stem cells should be abandoned in favor of alternatives, such as those involving adult stem cells.This argument is used by opponents of embryonic destruction as well as researchers specializing in adult stem cell research. It is often claimed that the use of adult stem cells has consistently produced more promising results than the use of embryonic stem cells."
 * 37) "adult stem cell research may be able to make greater advances if less money and resources were channeled into embryonic stem cell research. Adult stem cells have already produced therapies, while embryonic stem cells have not"
 * 38) problems with this research: "there are reports of adult stem cells being successfully reintegrated into an autogenic animal. Another concern with embryonic stem cell treatments is a tendency of stem cells from embryos to create tumors"
 * 39) the most controversey is over the research dealing with embryonic or adult stem cells
 * 40) the difference is one is made up from an embryo the other taken from adults
 * 41) adult stem cells have been producing more results but this is because it has less limitations and restrictions so it can be funded and explored easier than embryonic
 * 42) embryonic stem cell research deals with embryos so many have strong negative feelings towards it so this gives less funding and more restrictions which means less result because it takes more time and resources to make these discovers
 * 43) this is also compared to vitro fertility treatments, both serving different purposes but dealing with the same cells
 * 44) a respecatbale leader that was very much against stem cell research was the pope and he instructed Bush to go against supporting it
 * 45) abortions are legal in many countries and jurisdictions. if these embryos are being destroyed regardless then why not use them in stem cell research

(JF) 1.Borenstein, Seth. "Whole mice created from skin cells." //Associated Press// (2009): 1. Web. 25 May 2010. @http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32110476/ns/technology_and_science-science/. 2."Stem cell research is vital and can save lives." //Times// Jan. 21 2008: 5. Web. 25 May 2010. @http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/letters/article3221046.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1. 3.Written on request of Fr. Thomas King, S.J., Ph.D., Department of Theology, Georgetown University; President, University Faculty For Life, for their newsletter, "UFL Pro-Vita". 4.Prof. Juan de Dios Vial Correa, S.E. Mons. Elio Sgreccia (2000-08-25). "Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells". Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. @http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/acdlife/documents/rc_pa_acdlife_doc_20000824_cellule-staminali_en.html. Retrieved 2008-02-20.

> Some people think stem cell research has the potential to minimise suffering of people with many different diseases. > Some people think we will be able to grow replacment organs and prolong the life of people with disease. > Some people think of embyos as having the potential for life and that potential should be preserved. > Some people think the embyos have dignity which should be preserved. > Some people think embryos have a soul. > Some people think that stem cell research constitues murder.
 * 1) scientists can get a closer look at how the stem cells develop and grow
 * 2) Therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicines are other exciting prospects of stem cell research
 * 3) There is also an argument that embryos can be used to extract cells for stem cell research.
 * 4) Stem cell research will pave the way for engineering stem cells to replicate specialized cells in the brain, liver and skin.
 * 5) Researchers have announced that embryonic cells are not the only stem cells now available for research. Stem cells can now be taken from living adult humans without harming the donor.
 * 6) **PROS**
 * 1) Some people think that stem cells can teach us about how cells become different from each other.
 * 1) The crux of the argument in bioethics committees (see link for AAAS) is weither excess embryos created for in vitro fertilisation should be destroyed or used for research. The death of the excess embyos is inevitable either way. As bioethics comittees use the four principles or derivations there of in their debates the principal of beneficance wins over the principal of non-maleficance where the parents' consent is obtained.
 * 2) **CONS**
 * 1) The crux of the matter for objectors is weither the right to life and dignity of the unborn child is being considered.
 * 2) Many would also object to the destruction of embryos in in vitro fertilisation.
 * 3) The use of adult cloned cells is considered very objectionable as it equates to creating a life(clone) with the express intention of destroying it.(See link to SPUC)
 * 4) Marylands own 6th district representative supports stem cell research roscoe bartlett.
 * 5) Congressman Bartlett explained, “Because of my advanced coursework in embryology as part of my doctoral studies in human physiology, I knew it was theoretically possible to remove a few cells from an early stage embryo that could be used to produce a stem cell line without creating a clone or harming the embryo’s ability to develop into a baby. I first proposed this in 2001 which was acknowledged by President Bush’s Council on Bioethics in their white paper on stem cell research. A repair kit for the child might also be produced from these cells.”
 * 6) “I have a 100% pro-life voting record,” said Congressman Bartlett. “Every human embryo is unique and could become the next Madame Curie or Albert Einstein which is why I oppose destructive embryonic stem cell research. I do support using federal taxpayers’ dollars for non-destructive embryonic stem cell research. That is a path that respects both the uniqueness and sanctity of every human life as well as scientific progress.”
 * 7) Rep. Chris Smith (R-NJ) "Human embryo-destroying stem cell research is not only unethical, unworkable and unreliable, it is now demonstrably unnecessary," said Smith. "Adult stem cells ... are truly remarkable. They work, they have no ethical baggage, and advances are made every day at a dizzying pace.
 * 8) Pluripotent, embryonic stem cells originate as inner mass cells within a blastocyst. The stem cells can become any tissue in the body, excluding a placenta. Only the morula's cells are totipotent, able to become all tissues and a placenta.
 * 9) Stem cell research has lead scientists and medical experts closer to the cures for birth defects, spinal cord injuries, heart diseases, and diabetes.
 * 10) A major benefit of stem cell research, is that there is a possibility, that a way to replace or repair damaged organs can be forged from it.
 * 11) Sen. Carl Levin, D-Mich., who chairs a Government Affairs subcommittee and backs government funding, invited 200 children with juvenile diabetes to appear at a hearing last month.
 * 12) As President Bush and Congress wrestle with that question, advocates on both sides are waging an emotionally charged tug-of-war over the answer. Mark and Luke Borden, 9 1/2-month-old twins from Fontana, Calif. have become poster children for those lobbying against federal funding.
 * 13) Their mother Lucinda gave birth to them after being implanted with frozen embryos she and her husband John adopted. "Mark and Luke are living rebuttal to the claim that embryos are not people," Mrs. Borden told lawmakers on Capitol Hill today. "We plead with you not to fund their slaughter." The hearing room then fell completely silent as Mr. Borden stood, cradling his two sons in his arms, and posed a rhetorical question to supporters of stem-cell research. "Which one of my children would you kill?" he asked. "Which one would you choose to take?" Emotional Arguments From Both Sides.
 * 14) Stem Cell research has influence in diverse medical fields mostly in relation with the partial or almost total regeneration of organs and tissues. There is an increasing interest in its use in the treatment of heart pathologies among other fields.
 * 15) The three major goals usually cited for pursuing this research are: the gaining of important scientific knowledge about embryonic development and its application to related fields; curing debilitating diseases, e.g., Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, diabetes, stroke, spinal cord injuries, bone diseases, etc.; and screening drugs for pharmaceutical companies, instead of having to rely on animal models.
 * 16) Most commentators agree that the use of stem cells derived from adult human beings are ethically acceptable (assuming other ethical parameters are met). The major point of disagreement involves the use of stem cells derived from early human embryos and aborted fetuses.
 * 17) The use of adult stem cells is already legal; however, the use of human embryonic and some fetal stem cells is not.
 * 18) **October 2008** - Sabine Conrad and colleagues at Tübingen, Germany generate pluripotent stem cells from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis by culturing the cells in vitro under leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) supplementation
 * 19) **October 2006** - Scientists at Newcastle University in England create the first ever artificial liver cells using umbilical cord blood stem cells.
 * 20) **1908** - The term "stem cell" was proposed for scientific use by the Russian histologist Alexander Maksimov (1874–1928) at congress of hematologic society in Berlin. It postulated existence of haematopoietic stem cells.
 * 21) The **stem cell controversy** is the ethical debate centered only on research involving the creation, usage and destruction of human embryos. Most commonly, this controversy focuses on embryonic stem cells
 * 22) Embryos are not equivalent to human life while they are still incapable of surviving outside the womb (i.e. they only have the potential for life).
 * 23) More than a third of zygotes do not implant after conception Thus, far more embryos are lost due to chance than are proposed to be used for embryonic stem cell research or treatments.
 * 24) Blastocysts are a cluster of human cells that have not differentiated into distinct organ tissue; making cells of the inner cell mass no more "human" than a skin cell.
 * 25) Some parties contend that embryos are not humans, believing that the life of //Homo sapiens// only begins when the heartbeat develops, which is during the 5th week of pregnancy, or when the brain begins developing activity, which has been detected at 54 days after conception
 * 26) Embryonic stem cells make up a significant proportion of a developing embryo, while adult stem cells exist as minor populations within a mature individual (e.g. in every 1,000 cells of the bone marrow, only 1 will be a usable stem cell). Thus, embryonic stem cells are likely to be easier to isolate and grow ex vivo than adult stem cells
 * 27) Embryonic stem cells divide more rapidly than adult stem cells, potentially making it easier to generate large numbers of cells for therapeutic means. In contrast, adult stem cell might not divide fast enough to offer immediate treatment
 * 28) Embryonic stem cells have greater plasticity, potentially allowing them to treat a wider range of diseases.
 * 29) Adult stem cells from the patient's own body might not be effective in treatment of genetic disorders. Allogeneic embryonic stem cell transplantation (i.e. from a healthy donor) may be more practical in these cases than gene therapy of a patient's own cell.
 * 30) DNA abnormalities found in adult stem cells that are caused by toxins and sunlight may make them poorly suited for treatment.
 * 31) Embryonic stem cells have been shown to be effective in treating heart damage in mice.
 * 32) Embryonic stem cells have the potential to cure chronic and degenerative diseases which current medicine has been unable to effectively treat.
 * 33) The Baptist Church opposes human embryonic stem cell research on the grounds that "Bible teaches that human beings are made in the image and likeness of God (Gen. 1:27; 9:6) and protectable human life begins at fertilization." However, it supports adult stem cell research as it does "not require the destruction of embryos."
 * 34) In regards, to embryonic stem cell research, the Catholic Church affirms that "the killing of innocent human creatures, even if carried out to help others, constitutes an absolutely unacceptable act." The Church, however, supports research that involves stem cells from adult tissues and the umbilical cord, as it "involves no harm to human beings at any state of development."
 * 35) In vitro fertilization (IVF) generates large numbers of unused embryos (e.g. 70,000 in Australia alone). Many of these thousands of IVF embryos are slated for destruction. Using them for scientific research utilizes a resource that would otherwise be wasted.
 * 36) While the destruction of human embryos is required to establish a stem cell line, no new embryos have to be destroyed to work with existing stem cell lines. It would be wasteful not to continue to make use of these cell lines as a resource.

(SZ) 1. Research Funding. In //Stem Cell Information// [World Wide Web site]. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010 [cited Monday, May 24, 2010] Available at  2. Palca, Joe. //NPR//. 25 May 2007. 25 May 2010 @http://www.npr.org/​templates/​story/​story.php?storyid=9244363. 3. McClosley, Patrick. //Is Stem Cell Research Moral?//. 25 May 2010. St. Anthony's Church. 25 May 2010 . 4."Adult Stem Cells". NIH. 24 May 2010 


 * 1) There is three different types of stem cell research
 * 2) Embryonic- in early stage of development
 * 3) Non embryonic- already evolved
 * 4) Non embryonic & Embryonic- where researches study both kinds
 * 5) Stem cells help correct errors of other cells
 * 6) Pluripotent stem cells offer replacement of cells
 * 7) Treat many diseases and disabilities including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, burns, heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis.
 * 8) Human embryonic stem cells have caused must dispute and debate
 * 9) By extracting these cells that could go on to become body cells from fertilized eggs some believe it's unethical
 * 10) They have also taken cells from fetal tissue (older than 8 weeks of development)
 * 11) In 2004 California and New Jersey proposed a bill to help fund stem cell research
 * 12) In 2005 Connecticut put 10 million dollars towards research
 * 13) Treats 26 different kinds of cancer
 * 14) 16 Autoimmune diseases
 * 15) 2 Cardiovascular diseases
 * 16) 1981 Stem cells are first isolated into mice
 * 17) 1995 embryonic cells are put into primates
 * 18) 2007 scientist form a team to strat stem cell transplations
 * 19) The first bioethical review of stem cell research was done in 1999
 * 20) Scientist hope to someday stop making vaccines with eggs
 * 21) President Obama took of the most restrictions of stem cell research that were established be the Bush administration
 * 22) 13 embyonic cells went from off-limits to on
 * 23) Doctors in Spain used stem cell transplants for a women's wind pipe transplant
 * 24) stem cells can be thought of as 'blank' cells that can become many different kinds of other cells and tissues of the human body
 * 25) Stem cell research is illegal in Germany
 * 26) Stem cell research is illegal in Austrailia
 * 27) Stem cell research is illegal in Italy
 * 28) The Catholic Church believes stem cell transplation is immoral
 * 29) They believe, it's taking away from a life and not letting it reach its full potential
 * 30) Catholic's believe taking it from adults, or an umbilical cord is okay.
 * 31) Stem cells have three sources, adult cells, embryonic cells, and cord cells
 * 32) Those who value human life from the point of conception, oppose embryonic stem cell research because the extraction of stem cells from this type of an embryo requires its destruction
 * 33) Some consider this murder
 * 34) Dead cells of almost any kind, no matter the type of injury or disease, can be replaced with new healthy cells thanks to the amazing flexibility of stem cells
 * 35) Some people believe G-d wouldn't have let us discover stem cell research unless he wanted us to use it
 * 36) The UK recently launched a 3 year stem cell research project
 * 37) Every state is facing the descision of how they feel about stem cell research
 * 38) Some argue that research and development is so expensive and risky that important research would go undone without government support
 * 39) Last NovemberMissouri voters passed a constitutional amendment creating a safe haven for embryonic stem cell researchers
 * 40) No funding was provided for Missouri
 * 41) Government funding isn’t advantageous when funds that could be spent on research are spent on lobbying, political upheaval over the issue of funding leads to restrictions on all research
 * 42) A main issue is dealing with embryonic or adult stem cells
 * 43) adult stem cells are that of which come from an adult so most people do not view it as taking what could be a human life therefore it isnt unethical
 * 44) embryonic stem cells come from an egg or what could be a child so it is viewed as taking what could be a life
 * 45) because these stem cells (embryonic) are at an early stage they can be sort of in a way programmed to be one of over 130 different tissue types

(KG) 1. Elgin, Molly. "Public stem cell reserch funding." 2008. 1. New York: Competitive Enterprise, 2008. Web. . 2. Drazen, Jeffery. "Embryonic Stem-Cell Research — The Case for Federal Funding." 1.1 (2004): n. pag. Web. 25 May 2010. 3. Batch, News. "stem cell research." //news batch// 2008: 1. Web. 25 May 2010. 4. Deem, rich. "what is wrong with stem cell research." //what is wrong with stem cell research// 1.1 n. pag. Web. 25 May 2010.
 * 1) The National Institutes of Health has already committed billions
 * 2) Because stem cell research is inherently speculative and politically controversial, the public would be best served if governments left it to the private sector. Each stem cell project is highly speculative, and it is not the place of government to gamble with taxpayers’ money.
 * 3) Unlike most cells in the human body, stem cells can develop into different types of cells and regenerate continuously
 * 4) Stem cells may be broadly useful in treating a number of chronic and degenerative diseases
 * 5) Adult stem cells are already being tested for the treatment of heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson’s disease, type 1 diabetes, advanced kidney cancer, and spinal injury
 * 6) President Barack Obama removed restrictions on the federal funding of embryonic stem cell research put in place by the Bush administration, fulfilling a controversial campaign promise. He also issued on Monday a presidential memorandum intended to further separate politics and science.
 * 7) "Medical miracles do not happen simply by accident," Obama said Monday. "They result from painstaking and costly research; from years of lonely trial and error, much of which never bears fruit; and from a government willing to support that work," he said
 * 8) Over 3,000 people die every day in the United States from diseases that may someday be treatable as a result of stem cell research.
 * 9) Stem cells are sometimes called the body's "universal clay" because they are capable of transforming into any type of cell or tissue.
 * 10) Scientists believe that these cells could be used to treat a large number of diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, heart disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and stroke.
 * 11) Supporters say the research has the potential to provide treatments for conditions including multiple sclerosis, spinal injury and Parkinson's disease.
 * 12) Patient and Stem Cell Foundation Director Martin Codyre says the lack of legislation and information here has resulted in a lot of people being scammed for millions of euro every year on stem cell related treatments.
 * 13) Some scientists were having to put their research on hold because they didn’t have the funding. But now with the funding approved, the research can continue.
 * 14) There were worries that without it, they would have to repeat years of work or even stop the research altogether. But with the new funding scientists will be able to complete the projects they were working on.
 * 15) Scientists believe that stem cells will treat will treat, and maybe some day cure heart disease, diabetes, spinal chord injuries, cancer and other disorders such as birth defects. They could also treat Alzheimer’s, burns, strokes, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
 * 16) Research using this technology is strongly supported in a number of countries, including Australia, Israel, the Czech Republic, Singapore, Korea, and the United Kingdom.
 * 17) Others in the world appreciate the potential of this technology.
 * 18) If we continue to prevent federal funds from being used to support this research in the United States, the ability of our biomedical scientists to compete with other research teams throughout the world will be undermined.
 * 19) The example of a single disease, diabetes, suggests the range of possibilities
 * 20) Our research scientists must be able to adopt and use embryonic stem-cell technology as they pursue its use in the treatment of many degenerative diseases. Such research has promise, but it must be nurtured to flourish.
 * 21) We hope that the advances resulting from stem-cell technology will bring new tools to medical care
 * 22) The medical possibilities which might result from stem cell research continues to excite the scientific community
 * 23) There are some indications that progress is being made in developing alternatives to the use of embryos in pursuing this technology
 * 24) If this happens, most political/ethical concerns regarding the matter will be resolved.
 * 25) Current research projects have obtained stem cells from tissue which has been removed during terminated pregnancies or from embryos produced by in-vitro fertilization clinics.
 * 26) Once isolated, the cells can be grown up in the laboratory and stored for future use.
 * 27) Each reservoir of cells, derived from a single embryo, is known as a cell line.
 * 28) A more reliable supply would be obtained by copying or cloning embryos specifically for their stem cells.
 * 29) stem cells are obtained from destroyed embryos, the concerns are similar to those surrounding abortion.
 * 30) Most opponents of legal abortions also oppose this research
 * 31) In addition, the possibility that cell lines could be developed from cloned embryos raises ethical concerns associated with propriety of human cloning
 * 32) The most prominent global opponent of this research is the Catholic Church although many individual American Catholics do not take this view
 * 33) The most prominent global opponent of this research is the Catholic Church although many individual American Catholics do not take this view
 * 34) In fact the official Catholic position is also opposed to in vitro fertilization because it is unnatural and because it results in the production of embryos which are not used.
 * 35) Some argue that stem cell research in the far future can lead to knowledge on how to clone humans
 * 36) Critics against stem cell research, argued that the ethical issues of scientific work on aborted fetuses did not justify the possible benefits
 * 37) We should (and will) develop more ethical methods (such as using adult stem cells) which will enable us to research ethically. We should wait to those methods are available.
 * 38) The scientific value has been overstated or has flaws. E.g. we do not know for sure that we can use stem cells to clone organs to be transplanted to oneself
 * 39) We should not mess with human life
 * 40) Some people say "Humans should not try and play God".
 * 41) People think its to go against God.
 * 42) Maintaining and growing embryonic stem cell lines has also been problematic
 * 43) Some of these lines have mutated, making them unusable in patients
 * 44) The main problem with embryonic stem cell research is the problem is tissue incompatibility.
 * 45) Millions of lines must be established in order to serve a significant percentage of potential patients
 * 46) since such individualized therapies could not be patented, the pharmaceutical companies have no financial incentives to pursue such therapies.
 * 47) Extreamly expensive, Aren't alot of donated embry, Many mutation problems.
 * 48) the major source of stem cells for research today is embryos, and the embryos are destroyed in the process of extracting the stem cells.
 * 49) A very tiny, undeveloped human being, but a human being nonetheless. Even if stem cell treatments ultimately prove successful, embryonic stem cell treatment involves the deliberate killing of a human being in order to use his body parts to treat another human being.
 * 50) Medical researchers think that they may be able to save or improve the lives of some people by killing others
 * 51) So they insist that it should be legal to kill these human beings in order to help others

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