Wolfpack

Nathan Teague Brandon O'steen Jimmy Free Justin Peters Andrew Stefanic WOLFPACK = COOLNESS ahhhhewwwwwww negative effects of chemical testing on animals

Thesis: When chemicals are tested on animals many of them are killed or badly injured

__Teague's notes:__ 1. All chemicals tested do have negative effects. 2. Pain relief is not given. 3. 80% of Mice, rats, birds, and fish aren't protected under U.S. laws. 4. Dogs, cats, and many types of primates are used in testing. 5. The PETA is the people for the ethical treatment of animals, and they are the leading force against animal abuse such as this. 6. Rodents are often given shots in the eyes, skulls and other vital body parts. 7. Almost 120million mammals are tested and die each year. 8. 2 out of ten companies **DON'T** use animal testing to test chemicals for their shampoos or soaps. 9. Many folks believe that animal testing is good because it helps us learn about how the chemicals effect life, but this is not the only way to test the chemicals their are other ways to test. 10. Here are some ways that chemicals can be tested on other things: Ph strips test acidity or alkaline amount, metals like magnesium don't create harmful gases with most acid. 11. More testing has cause taxes to go up almost 10% between a 7 year time period. Source for all of the above: http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/US-government-animal-testing-programs.aspx

12. It is called the Draize test, named after the toxicologist who invented the practice.

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__O'Steen's notes:__ 1. Every year in the United States almost 70 million animals are maimed, blinded, scalded, force-fed chemicals, genetically manipulated and hurt or killed for science 2. A lot of people are surprised to learn that some cosmetics, personal care products, foods and beverages and household cleaning products are tested on animals 3. Rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and other animals are forced to swallow or inhale large quantities of a test substance or endure the pain of having caustic chemicals applied to their eyes and skin 4. Universities and hospitals also imprison millions of animals for use in painful and deadly medical training exercises 5. Monkeys are addicted to drugs and have holes drilled into their skulls 6. Sheep and pigs have their skin burned off 7. Rats have their spinal cords crushed 8. Tiny mice grow tumors as large as their own bodies 9. Kittens are purposely blinded 10. In archaic medical training courses, pigs and dogs are cut open and killed and cats and ferrets have hard plastic tubes forced down their throats 11. Mice have been genetically engineered to be more vulnerable to asthma and lung damage in order to test a P&G detergent enzyme called subtilisin 12. They say animal testing could end within a decade due to a new screening technique 13. The new method can provide more accurate tests, reduce cost and speed up testing 14. The new method it known as high thoughput screening. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15. It can test up to 1,400 compounds at once <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">16. It can screen 200,000 compounds in two days <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">17. It would take the original methods 12 years <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sources: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/animal-testing-101.aspx <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3325487/Testing-chemicals-on-animals-may-be-banned-in-decade.html

__ Free's Notes __ 18. some chimps will be able to retire from being used in research to the chimp haven sanctuary, built in Shreveport, Louisiana, thanks to a law signed by president Clinton in 2000 Source: www.dosomething.org and the ASPCA Source:www.animalport.com 15. according to the USDA approximately 61% of animals used suffer no pain, 31% have pain relieved with anesthesia, and 6% experience pain, because alleviation would compromise the validity of the data Source:www.animaltestingfacts.zoomshare.com
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">U.S laws do not require scientist to report how many mice, rats, or birds they use.
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is estimated that 90% of lab animals are mice and rats
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Scientist have to report if they use dogs, cats, sheep, hamsters, guinea pigs, and primates
 * 4) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Of the animals that the USDA collects numbers on, 1,438,553 were used in research in 2002
 * 5) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In labs small animals like hamsters, rats and mice are usually kept in clear or white plastic boxes about the size of a shoebox
 * 6) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Animals a bit bigger, such as guinea pigs, live in larger boxes about twice the size of a shoebox.
 * 7) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Usually more than 1 animal lives in a box
 * 8) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">larger animals like dogs, cats, and primates usually live in wire cages
 * 9) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">most animals stay in their cages all the time except when they are being used in experiments
 * 10) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">living in cages can be a big problem for intelligent animals like dogs, cats, pigs, and primates who become tremendously lonely and bored unless they have things to play with or ways to get exercise
 * 11) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">more than half of the 1.4 million animals counted by the USDA that are used in research were not involved in experiments that caused pain
 * 12) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">489,262 animals that were used in research in 2002 were used in research that was either painful, distressful, or both
 * 13) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">most of these animals were given something that either helped take the pain away or helped them get over the pain quickly
 * 14) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">103,764 of animals made to feel pain were not given anything to reduce their pain and suffering
 * 15) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">although some of this pain was slight like getting an injection with a needle some of it was extremely severe
 * 16) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">most of these animals are only used in one experiment, but sometimes the same animal will be use in more than one experiment
 * 17) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">most are euthanized shortly after being used for an experiment
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">more than 2.5 million live animal experiments were authorized ingreat Britainin 2000
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">this number has halved since the 70s
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">animals are used to test products ranging from shampoo to new cancer drugs
 * 4) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">British law requires that any new drug must be tested on at least two different species of live mammal. One must be a large non rodent
 * 5) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">UK regulations are considered some of the most rigorous in the world
 * 6) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the animals act of 1986 insist that no animal experiments be conducted if there is a realistic alternative
 * 7) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">almost every medical treatment you use has been tested on animals.
 * 8) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">animals were also used to develop anesthetics to prevent human pain and suffering during surgery
 * 9) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">animal testing has helped to develop vaccines against diseases like rabies, polio, measles, mumps, rubella and TB
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">each year in the united states an estimated 70 million animals are maimed, blinded, scalded, force fed chemicals, genetically manipulated, and hurt and killed
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the people that test on these animals are private institutions, household product and cosmetic companies, government agencies, educational institutions, and scientific centers.
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">substances we use everyday such as eye shadow, soap, furniture polish, and oven cleaner may be tested on rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, and other animals.
 * 4) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">these test are mainly used to test the degree of harmfulness of products and their ingredients
 * 5) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">proven more reliable and less expensive than animal test, there are alternatives that are more humane
 * 6) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">instead of using live rabbits for the Draize eye test, corneas from eye banks or sophisticated computer models can be used to accurately test the irritancy level
 * 7) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">some more test that are more suitable include chemical assay test, tissue culture systems, cell and organ cultures, cloned human skin cells, human skin patches, computer and mathematical models
 * 8) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a young boy named Johnny auquilino was born without the left ventricle of his heart, the major pumping chamber. His life was saved by a series of techniques that were developed on animals
 * 9) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the American heart association has said the decline in U.S.death rates from cardiovascular disease since the 1960s is the result of lifestyle changes and of new methods of treatment
 * 10) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">many of those treatments are based upon research requiring animals
 * 11) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the American heart association is specific about how research animals are to be used and treated. when they are needed for association funded experiments, the animals must be handled responsibly and humanely. Before being approved for association support, the researchers must show 3 things
 * 12) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">these 3 things are that they have looked at alternative methods to using animals. Their research cannot be successfully conducted without the use of animals. Their experiments are designed to produce needed results and information
 * 13) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">17-22 million animals are used for research each year
 * 14) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">rodents make up 85-90% of all research animals
 * 1) The organ transplant pioneer Thomas E. Starzl conducted his early surgical transplantation experiments on dogs in the 1960s before successfully attempting them on humans
 * 2) Psychiatrist John Cade discovered that lithium aids manic-depressive patients by experimenting with guinea pigs
 * 3) scientist William Russell and Rex Burch published The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique in 1959 to ease undue suffering inflicted on experimental subjects
 * 4) In The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique they described the three R's: reduce animal experiments, refine them to make the experiment less unpleasant, and replacement of animals by different techniques
 * 5) their concern over the distress suffered by the animals led to the creation of the Animal Welfare Act by the federal government in 1966
 * 6) the act was designed to protect animals that might be test subjects by requiring proper care of them, and it sets forth a list of guidelines researchers must comply with.
 * 7) for example it said that the animals must receive adequate veterinary care.
 * 8) in 1970, the act expanded from protecting dogs, cats, primates, guinea pigs, rabbits, and hamsters to all warm blooded animals
 * 9) the act exempts mice, rats, and birds from the protection that it gives to other animals
 * 10) the act originally applied to largely to pet dealers but later grew to include, and even focus on, scientific research animals
 * 11) as the act forced scientist to care more properly for their test subject, a movement began in the 1970s to stop the use of animals in experimental science altogether
 * 12) in 1975, philosopher Peter Singer published Animal Liberation, in which he argued that all animals capable of perceiving pain were moral equals to humans
 * 13) there are plenty of in vitro test for the toxicity of certain compounds.
 * 14) for educational purposes computer simulations can be as effective as real life dissections
 * 15) only 70 percent of agents that cause cancer in mice will cause it in rats, suggesting that comparisons across species are not always valid: conclusions reached by studying animals may not be may not be true for humans
 * 16) in 1990, David Wiebers and colleagues from the mayo clinic reported that of 25 drugs found to reduce damage following strokes in animals, none proved effective in human trials
 * 17) there are many instances in which animal studies may not work, simply because animal organ systems and cellular structure differ from humans

Source: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0066cc; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">[] Source: http://www.youthnoise.com/page.php?page_id=2584 Source: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/animal-testing--the-facts-and-the-figures-554941.html
 * 1) the average human life expectancy has increased by 23 years as a result of animal testing
 * 2) humans and animals have 200 illnesses in common
 * 3) the first company to stop testing their products on animals was Avon
 * 1) in the UK less than 10 percent of biomedical research uses animals
 * 2) BUAV estimates that 100 million animals are used in testing worldwide
 * 3) The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry estimates that it take 10 to 12 years to develop a new medicine and costs 350 million pounds (which is roughly 567,821,725 dollars)
 * 4) all drugs licensed for use in Britain have been tested on animals
 * 5) testing of cosmetics on animals was outlawed in Britain during 1997-1998
 * 6) the use of primates is the most controversial area of animal testing. the most commonly used primates are marmosets and macaques
 * 7) the number of animal experiments in the UK peaked in 1976 with 5 million procedures carried out that year
 * 8) estimates show that 38,000 animals are killed in the EU in cosmetic test
 * 9) about 84% of animals that are experimented on in Britain are mice, rats, and rodents with the remaining percent being birds(5%), fish(7%), and dogs, cats, horses, and primates account for less than 1%
 * 10) universities perform about 40% of the experiments, commercial companies(37%), charities(6%), and government departments(5%)
 * 11) in order to gain a license the government evaluates the severity banding of individual proposals. these bands are divided into mild,moderate, and severe suffering.
 * 12) non toxic procedures account for 82% of all animal test in Britain
 * 13) 2.73 million animals were used in test in 2002 in the UK
 * 14) most universities have animal testing facilities
 * 15) the main universities are oxford and Cambridge

__Stefanic's Notes__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">1) More than 2.5 million live animal experiments were authorized inGreat Britain in 2000. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">2) Around the world, animals are being used to test things anywhere from shampoo to new cancer drugs. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">3) British law requires that any new drug must be tested on at least two different types of mammal. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">4) Almost every medical treatment you use has been tested by an animal. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">5) Laws do not require scientists to report how many mice, rats, or birds they use. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">6) However they do need to report how many dogs, cats, sheep, hamsters, guinea pigs, and primates. The number of these animals used in research was 1,438,553. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">7) In labs, small animals, like hamsters, rats, and mice, are usually kept in clear or white boxes about the sixe of a shoebox. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">8) Animals, such as guinea pigs, live in boxes about the size of two shoeboxes. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">9) Larger animals like dogs, cats, and primates are usually kept in wired cages. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">10) Most of these animals are only used in one experiment, but sometimes the same will animal will be used in more than one experiment. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">11) Most animals are euthanized shortly after being used in an experiment. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">12) Some lucky chimps will be able to retire from being used in research to the Chimp Haven Sanctuary thanks to a law signed by President Clinton in 2000. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">13) Source: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #810081; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">__[]__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">14) Each year in the United States, an estimated 70 million animals are maimed, blinded, scalded, force-fed chemicals, genetically manipulated, and otherwise hurt and killed in the name of science. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">15) Less than two percent of human illnesses are ever seen in animals. Over 98 percent never are <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">16) At least 50 drugs on the market cause cancer in lab animals. They are allowed because it’s admitted that animal tests are not relevant. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">17) When asked if they agreed that animal experimentation can be misleading because of the anatomical and physiological differences between animals and humans. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">18) Rats are 37 percent effective in identifying what causes cancer in humans. Flipping a coin would be more accurate. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">19) According to animal tests lemon juice is a deadly poison, but arsenic, hemlock, and botulin are safe. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">20) 40 percent of patients suffer side effects as a result of prescription treatment. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">21) Over 200,000 medicines have been withdrawn or banned due to their effect on human health. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">22) Aspirin fails animal tests, as do digitalis, cancer treatments, insulin, penicillin, and other safe medicines. They would be banned if results from animal experimentation were accurate. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">23) When the producers of thalidomide were taken to court, they were acquitted after numerous experts agreed animal tests could not be relied on for human medicine. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">24) Thousands of drugs passed safe in animals have been withdrawn or banned due to their effect on human health. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">25) At least 450 methods exist with which we can replace animal experiments. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">26) Morphine puts humans asleep but excites cats. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">27) 95 percent of drugs passed by animal tests are immediately discarded as useless or dangerous to humans. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">28) One in six patients in hospitals are there because the drug they have taken had been passed safe for us humans after animal tests. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">29) Worldwide, at least 22 animals die every second in labs. In theUK one animal dies every five seconds. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">30) The contraceptive pill causes blood clots in humans but it had the opposite effect in dogs. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">31) We use aspirin for aches and pains. It causes birth defects in mice, rabbits, and rats. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">32) Researchers refused to believe that benzene could cause cancer in humans because it failed to in animal tests. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">33) Dogs failed to predict heart problems caused by the cardiovascular drugs encainide and flecainide, which led to an estimated 3,000 deaths in theUSA. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">34) Heart by pass surgery was put on hold for years because it didn’t work on dogs. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">35) If we had relied on animal tests we would still believe that humans don’t need vitamin c, that smoking doesn’t cause cancer and alcohol doesn’t cause liver damage. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">36) Polio researchers were mislead for years about how we catch the disease because they had experimented on monkeys. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">37) As one researcher points out, the ultimate, dilemma with any model of human disease is that it can never reflect the human situation with complete accuracy. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none;">38) Source: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #810081; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">__[]__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #810081; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">__Peters's notes__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">1.People are paying taxs for the government to test chemicals on animals <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">2.Some government test kill more than 2000 animals every time they are conducted <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">3.Government regulations require that chemical manufacturers to squirt burning chemicals into rabbits eyes <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">4.Final products are rarely tested on animals <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">5.Millions of animals are purposely injected with diseases for experiments <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">6.90% of primates have been known to go insane. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">7.They will rock back and forth, pacing endlessly in there cages, and engaging in repetitive movement such as backflipping <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">8.There is too many dead birds, mice, rats and cold blooded animals that have been tested on to get an exact number