The+Poptarts

Jacob heaton
 * 1) factory farming started in the 1920s
 * 2) the chicken factories supply 95% of the eggs to the us
 * 3) there are 6 bilion chickens for slaughter a year
 * 4) in the cow industry the usually have very small spaces
 * 5) dairy cows a specifically bred for high milk production
 * 6) when cows cant produce enough milk they are sent to slaughter
 * 7) the discovery of vitamins a and d started the factory farming
 * 8) most pigs are born and raised inside buildings
 * 9) they get so bored they start fighting
 * 10) they also do not have clean places to live
 * 11) Facts: Factory Farming." //In Defense of Animals//. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. <http://www.idausa.org/facts/factoryfarmfacts.htm


 * 1) in 1970 there were 900,000 farms in America
 * 2) by 1997 there were only 139,000
 * 3) in the us meat industry the produce 61 million tons of waste
 * 4) hog chicken and cattle have polluted 35,000 miles of river
 * 5) each chicken in factory farming has six tenths of a square foot
 * 6) over 80% of pigs have pneumonia before slaughter
 * 7) that is caused by the manure
 * 8) 90% of broiler chickens have trouble walking
 * 9) hogs have to cut there tails off due to aggressive behavior in tight spaces
 * 10) there are 5000 meat related deaths a year
 * 11) "Disturbing Facts on Factory Farming & Food Safety." //Organic Consumers Association//. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. .
 * 1) most beef cattle are born on a range
 * 2) many times beef cattle are not adequately protected from weather and freeze to death
 * 3) most factory farms do not provide veterinary care to their animals
 * 4) beef cattle are commonly afflicted with an ailment called “cancer eye” where cancer eats away at the animals eye and face and, if left untreated, create a crater in the side of the animals head
 * 5) when people round up cattle from a range they often become frightened and injure themselves
 * 6) Some cattle are so badly injured that they become “downed” unable to walk or stand
 * 7) downed cattle often are left for days without food or water and many die from neglect
 * 8) ranchers still brand cattle using hot iron
 * 9) some cattle are identified through “waddling” which is a process of cutting chucks of flesh out from around the cows neck in a distinctive pattern
 * 10) many farms use feedlots, where many cattle are crowded into small stalls filled with manure and harmful bacteria
 * 11) they are routinely implanted with growth hormones
 * 12) they are forced to eat unnaturally rich diets designed to make them fatten quickly which cause metabolic disorders
 * 13) a standard beef slaughter house kills 250 cattle per hour
 * 14) according to the federal human slaughter act cattle are supposed to be render unconscious first which is done by a blow to the head, but its very imprecise and often fails
 * 15) after the cows are rendered unconscious they are strung up by their hind legs and bled to death
 * 16) farm raised fish are crowded into small temperature-controlled tanks while they grow to maturity
 * 17) the large number of fish in a tank allow diseases to spread easily
 * 18) sometimes so many fish are put in one tank that there isn’t enough oxygen for them and many suffocate
 * 19) Many drugs and chemicals are necessary to prevent disease and control vegetation growth in the tanks
 * 20) many aquiculture farms use spawning and production hormones
 * 21) some aquiculture operate in estuaries and allow the chemicals they use to pollute the estuary destroying much of the natural habitat
 * 22) when the reach market weight they are transported to the processing plant in a large oxygenated tanker
 * 23) once at the processing plant the water and fish are poured into large mesh metal cages where the water leaks out and the fish suffocate
 * 24) some restaurants eviscerate, fillet, and serve fish live, the eyes of the fish have to be covered to keep it from reacting to the dinner
 * 25) factory farms overuse of antibiotics produce pathogens resistant to antibiotics
 * 26) many diseases have been spread through factory farms to humans, for example mad cow disease spread across England when dead cows were fed to live cows
 * 27) when a person eats a cow with mad cow disease the get Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease which has similar symptoms as mad cow disease
 * 28) another example is avian influenza which killed hundreds of people in Hong Kong

Katerina Schmidt Rafael, San. __Factory Farming Facts__. 12/17/10 .

produce “white” veal calves are chained inside tiny dark cages so the can’t move for four moths to make the meat more tender
 * in factory farms thousands of chickens can be crowded into small barns
 * labels such as “free-range” and “cage-free” are often misleading
 * most hens used for egg laying have the ends of their beaks cut off with no anesthesia
 * many factory farms produce egg laying hens to sell to other farms as a result male chicks are useless and often either suffocated of ground up alive
 * chickens and turkeys have been genetically altered to grow and reproduce faster resulting in many physical maladies
 * dairy cows must give birth before they can produce milk and the calf is taken away immediately causing physiological trauma to both cow and calf
 * about two months into the lactation cycle cows are re-impregnated to ensure ongoing milk production which is physically taxing
 * dairy cows’ bodies are so overtaxed that cows often wear out and stop producing within in 4 to 6 years and are immediately send to the slaughter when they could live up to 25 years
 * poultry, which makes up 95% of slaughtered animals are excluded from the humane slaughter act
 * broiler chickens are normally slaughtered at the age of 42 days when their natural life span is four years longer
 * pigs are slaughtered at 6 months when they can live 9 years
 * beef cattle live only 2 out of their 20 year life span
 * most of the grain produced in the U.S. are fed to cattle
 * rainforest, wetlands, and many other valuable ecosystems are destroyed to make land to raise cattle and crops
 * waste produced by factory farms is 130 times greater than that produced by humans
 * run off from factory farms pollutes water ways, kills millions of fish, and has left 60% of America’s rivers are polluted and become breeding grounds for pfiesteria bacteria which causes open sores, nausea, memory-loss, fatigue, and disorientation

Lindsey Tilles

"Facts: Cosmetic Testing." //In Defense of Animals//. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. .


 * 1) Millions of animals are killed by cosmetics companies using animal testing
 * 2) Claim they use animal testing to ensure that their product is safe
 * 3) FDA does not require animal testing, and there are more humane ways to test products that have more reliable results
 * 4) Tests include – measuring the level of skin irritation, eye tissue damage, and toxicity of different ingredients in the product
 * 5) Draize Test – caustic substances are put in restrained, conscious rabbit’s eyes to evaluate damage to sensitive eyes – extremely painful, they often will scream, or break their necks or backs trying to get out of the restraints
 * 6) Lethal dosage tests – tests how much of a poisonous substance will kill a certain amount of animals – often result in convulsions, vomiting, paralysis, bleeding from eyes, nose, mouths, or rectums
 * 7) Most tests are inaccurate, because different species will have different reactions to certain products
 * 8) There are non-animal testing that are more accurate and less expensive that use skin and tissue cells, corneas from eye banks, and computer and mathematical models
 * 9) Some companies just use non-toxic materials or materials that are already safety approved by the Cosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Association
 * 10) 2003, the European Union passed a ban on animal testing for cosmetic purposes, effective in 2009, complete sales ban effective in 2013
 * 11) Animal testing still happening – industry technicians and researchers trying to keep their jobs, a way to avoid liability in a law suit, consumers who buy the products
 * 12) What to do – read labels and avoid companies who test on animals, call the company’s number, which is usually toll-free

"Cosmetic Testing | Mercy For Animals." //Mercy For Animals - Animal Rights Organization Promoting a Vegetarian Diet//. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. [].


 * 1) Testing substances are eye shadow, soap, furniture polish, oven cleaner
 * 2) Animals used – rabbits, dogs, rats, guinea pigs, and other animals
 * 3) Test results do not help prevent or treat human injury or illness
 * 4) Rabbits usually receive no anesthesia during their tests
 * 5) Rabbit’s test last from 7-18 days
 * 6) Reactions include swollen eyelids, inflamed irises, ulceration, bleeding, massive deterioration, and blindness
 * 7) eyelids are held open with clips
 * 8) acute toxicity test – substance forced by tube into rat’s stomach, holes in throat, under skin, into vein, into lining of abdomen, mixed into lab chow, inhaled through gas mask, put into animals eyes, rectum, or vagina
 * 9) reactions are observed – convulsions, labored breathing, diarrhea, constipation, emaciation, skin eruptions, abnormal posture, bleeding from eyes, nose, or mouth
 * 10) companies use less accurate animal testing so that it’s easier to put products on the market
 * 11) The FDA requires that each ingredient in a cosmetics product be confirmed for safety or that it has a warning label that says that it’s safety has not been confirmed
 * 12) FDA has no authority to require a certain product test
 * 13) household products do not need to be tested on animals
 * 14) animal testing used so they can use exciting substance names to compete with other companies
 * 15) lethal toothpaste tests done on rats for ADA seal – brush teeth for a month, kill them, examine teeth under microscope
 * 16) Tom’s of Maine worked with researchers to make fluoride tests that could be safely done on humans

jacob heaton Factory Farming | Farm Sanctuary." //Farm Sanctuary | Watkins Glen, NY//. Web. 17 Dec. 2010. .
 * 1) egg laying hens are confined to battery cages
 * 2) they are stacked in tears and lined up
 * 3) all laying hens have part of there beaks cut off
 * 4) each one lays around 250 eggs a year
 * 5) when the bird is classified as spent it is sent to slaughter
 * 6) that’s just after one year
 * 7) in one case one a farm a man threw 15,000 live hens in a wood chipper
 * 8) for every hen that is laying eggs a chick is killed
 * 9) they sometimes grid the chicks alive
 * 10) they often develop osteoporosis
 * 11) half of the dairy cows suffer mastitis
 * 12) that is a bacterial infection in the utter
 * 13) another disease milk fever
 * 14) that causes calcium deficiency in the milk
 * 15) cows normally live 25 years
 * 16) now they are slaughter at 3 or 4
 * 17) most cow get sick in weak in this industry
 * 18) that is caused by the intense milk production
 * 19) to try to prevent that they try to give hormones
 * 20) cows are separated from there mothers at birth
 * 21) the male caves are slaughtered for meat
 * 22) BHG is a common hormone injected
 * 23) veal industry is a by product of the dairy industry
 * 24) dairy cows have to give birth to produce milk
 * 25) so the are force breeding

Lindsey Tilles "Cosmetic Animal Testing - Cosmetic Industry." //ClearLead, Inc. - Search Engine Optimization(SEO) | Internet Website Marketing Firm//. Web. 16 Dec. 2010. .


 * 1) Avon the first company to stop using animal testing
 * 2) Boots, Yardley, and Revlon have also claimed that they have stopped using animal testing
 * 3) 38,000 are said to be used every year for cosmetic testing
 * 4) 50% of the animals dies 2-3 weeks after testing
 * 5) many countries have passed regulations that say that preservatives and lotions must be tested for safety before put on the market, but none say that it has to be animal testing
 * 6) cruelty free companies are more expensive
 * 7) 75% of Americans are against cosmetic testing
 * 8) Benefits for animal cosmetic testing – protects human health and safety; allows company to compete with other companies; companies feel they are safeguarding the environment; consumers have been putting pressure on companies to make safer products; not entirely reliable, they only show the effect on people for a short period of time
 * 9) Disadvantages – causes severe allergic reactions to the animals; could cause liver problems, swollen eyelids, ulcerations, and bleeding; inhuman treatment; animals have different set-ups of body systems, so they react differently than humans would; expensive; less reliable; end-results of the animal are meaningless
 * 10) Alternatives – HET-CAM test for eye irritation; vitro methods for skin irritation

"Cosmetic Animal Testing - LoveToKnow Makeup." //Makeup Tips | Cosmetics//. Web. 17 Dec. 2010. .

1. Animals have been used in product testing for over 2000 years 2. People who eat meat still oppose cosmetic testing – debate is that the animals suffer for testing, and it’s not necessary 3. AWA says that researchers should evaluate the use of non-animal testing before using animals; painkillers must be used to decrease suffering; animals must be well-cared for; random lab inspections be allowed to make sure standards are being followed 4. some companies put “cruelty-free” on their label – ingredient has been tested before, or they had an outside company do the testing 5. Draize test came from an incident in 1920, where women using the mascara “Lash Luxe” received problems such as eye irritation, blindness, or even death 6. Draize skin test – part of an animal’s fur is shaved, product rubbed on skin and evaluated 7. products with spray action – animals are placed in a closed container, forced to inhale product, checked for breathing difficulties 8. companies against animal testing – Aveda, Clinique, Estee Lauder, Nordstrom, Urban Decay

Logan Johnson The decrease in human deaths due to cardiovascular diseases is because of the knowledge gained out of animal testing and research Kanade, By Shrinivas. "Animal Testing Statistics." //Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web//. Web. 20 Dec. 2010. .
 * 1) For hundreds of years, people have experimented on animals
 * 2) In the US. 20-70 million animals including cats, dogs, primates, rabbits, rats, and mice suffer and die from research
 * 3) Each second, at least 33 animals die in laboratories. In the UK, 1 every 4 seconds.
 * 4) 95% of drugs passed by animal tests are immediately discarded as useless or dangerous to humans
 * 5) even though animals suffer or die for the purpose of medicine, 40% of patients will have side effects and some will die as a result of prescription treatment.
 * 6) researchers will kill hundreds of animals to find that the results will harm or even kill humans.
 * 7) even animal and primate experimentation that is carried out for medical purposes does not have any relevance in human health.
 * 8) each year, 56-100 million cats are born in the US
 * 9) each year 54 million dogs are born in the US
 * 10) dogs and cats that are used in research are taken out of animal shelters.
 * 11) otherwise these animals would be euthanize
 * 12) 1 dog or cat is used in research while at the same time, 50 are destroyed in animal shelters
 * 13) 17-22 million animals are used in research each year but 5 billion animals are killed for food each year
 * 14) rodents take up 85-90% of animal research
 * 15) only .5% of research animals are non-human primates
 * 16) people say that 61% of animals don't feel any pain but 6% do
 * 17) 31% of animals don't feel pain because of euthanasia
 * 18) 50% of animals used in cosmetic testing die in 2-3 weeks after experiments
 * 19) at least 12 million animal testing experiments were conducted in Europe in 2005
 * 20) in 2005, 2.3 million animals were used in France
 * 21) in 2005, 1.8 million animals were used in Germany
 * 22) there is a 2.3 increase in the number of animals used in testing in Europe
 * 23) in Sweden, Spain, and Greece the number of animals used in testing has doubled over the years
 * 24) in the United Kingdom, they have banned cosmetic animal testing since 1990
 * 25) France is against animal testing
 * 26) animal testing helps people make safe products so people are safe when they use the products
 * the animals that are used in research, are only used when they are indispensable
 * animal testing helps preserve the environment
 * the animals are treated humanely during research

The side against the animal tests proclaims that the main reason for conducting animal tests is to earn profit at the expense of animals and avoiding lawsuits from unsatisfied consumers Every year in the United States, 70 million animals are maimed, blinded, scalded, force-fed chemicals, genetically manipulated, and otherwise hurt and killed in the name of science, by private institutions, household product and cosmetics companies, government agencies, educational institutions, and scientific centers. Animals have been used in the development of anesthetics to prevent human suffering during surgery
 * animal rights activists believe that animals have as equal rights as humans do
 * they are especially against animal testing in cosmetic industries
 * stuff that we use everyday like eye sh adow, soap, furniture polish, and oven cleaner might of been used on animals like rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, and others.
 * they don't use antidotes on animals
 * 10-16 million animals are put to death in pounds and animal shelters each year
 * about 17-22 million animals are used in research each year
 * about 5 billion animals are used for food each year
 * 1.1% of animals of dogs and cats from pounds or shelters are used in research or they are euthanize
 * rats, mice, and other rodents make up 85-90% of all research animals
 * animals that are used in tests or experiments are used all around the world
 * in some countries, the law says that every new drug should be tested on at least 2 different species of live mammal
 * animal testing is bad and it hurts millions of animals every year
 * //Animal Testing Facts : Home//. Web. 20 Dec. 2010. .